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Symptom Management
Understanding multiple sclerosis
By Matt Cavallo
Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering, called myelin, around nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Think of it like frayed wires; as the coating wears down, messages traveling between the brain and body can slow down or stop altogether.
Types of MS
MS comes in several forms, each affecting people differently. The most common is relapsing-remitting MS, where symptoms flare up and then improve.
Primary progressive MS
involves a steady worsening of symptoms without clear relapses. Finally, secondary progressive MS usually follows relapsing-remitting MS, marked by a more consistent decline over time. Understanding these types helps doctors tailor treatment to each person’s unique experience with MS.
Common symptoms of MS
MS symptoms
vary but commonly include
fatigue
,
numbness
, muscle weakness,
vision problems
, and issues with coordination or
balance
. Some people experience “flare-ups” where symptoms temporarily worsen, while others find certain
symptoms
linger over time.
Memory
and
concentration
challenges are also frequent in people with MS.
What’s a neurologist?
A
neurologist
is a doctor who specializes in the brain and nervous system. For people with MS, a neurologist is key, working to understand what parts of the nervous system are affected and how to best manage symptoms.
Why a second opinion matters
Because MS is a lifelong condition, having a neurologist you trust is essential. Seeking a second opinion can help ensure you’re getting the best care and provide reassurance about your treatment plan. It’s also crucial to find a neurologist who stays current with MS research and emerging therapies. With MS treatment options constantly evolving, an active neurologist can offer access to the most effective and innovative care available.
Available treatment options
Treatments for MS focus on managing symptoms, reducing relapses, and slowing progression. Medications called
disease-modifying therapies
help reduce the frequency and severity of relapses and may slow down MS
progression
. Options include injectables,
oral pills
, and infusions, each targeting the immune system differently. Steroids are often used to manage flare-ups, reducing inflammation during symptom spikes. Other treatments address specific symptoms such as muscle stiffness,
pain
, and
fatigue
. In addition, some people benefit from
physical therapy
, counseling, or lifestyle changes to improve quality of life.
MRIs and why they’re helpful
MRI stands for
magnetic resonance imaging
, a type of scan that uses strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain and spine. For people with MS,
MRIs
are essential because they allow neurologists to see areas where myelin is damaged. By keeping track of these changes, neurologists can adjust treatments as needed, helping manage MS in the most effective way possible.
Diet and exercise for people with MS
A balanced
diet
and regular
exercise
can make a positive difference in managing MS. While there’s no specific "MS diet," a plan rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can help support overall health and energy levels. Exercise — such as
walking
,
swimming
, or even gentle
stretching
— improves flexibility, strength, and
mood
. Staying active, even with small daily movements, can help reduce fatigue and muscle stiffness, supporting physical and mental well-being for people with MS. Always consult your care team to tailor a plan that’s right for you.
MS and life expectancy, longevity, and quality of life
While MS is a chronic condition, many people with MS live long, fulfilling lives. Life expectancy for those with MS is generally close to that of the general population, especially with modern treatments that help manage symptoms and reduce disease progression. Quality of life can vary depending on the severity of the disease and how it is managed. By staying active, maintaining a healthy diet, and staying up-to-date with medical care, people with MS can enjoy a high quality of life and continue pursuing their passions.
Living with MS means navigating challenges, but having a strong understanding of the condition and a supportive care team makes a big difference. By working with trusted specialists, staying proactive about the latest treatments, and focusing on wellness, people with MS can live fuller, healthier lives. This journey may have its ups and downs, but with the right knowledge and support, it’s possible to manage MS with resilience and hope.